Moving to Saudi Arabia can be a unique and enriching experience. As one of the world’s most culturally rich and conservative countries, Saudi Arabia has deep-rooted traditions and a distinct lifestyle shaped by its Islamic values. For expats, understanding and respecting Saudi cultural norms is essential for navigating daily interactions and creating positive connections. Here’s a detailed guide on the do’s and don’ts for expats to consider.
1. Dress Code
Do:
- Dress Modestly: Saudi Arabia has strict dress codes for both men and women based on modesty principles. Women are generally expected to wear an abaya (a loose-fitting black cloak) and cover their heads in public spaces. While the rules are gradually becoming more relaxed, especially in cities like Riyadh, it’s still advisable to be respectful of these norms.
- Opt for Traditional Wear on Special Occasions: Embracing local attire, such as wearing a thobe (long robe for men) or a hijab for women on formal occasions, shows respect and appreciation for the culture.
Don’t:
- Wear Revealing Clothing: Avoid tight or revealing clothes. Men should not wear sleeveless shirts in public.
- Disregard Local Norms: Even if some rules are relaxed, be aware of your surroundings. In more conservative areas, dress codes are stricter.
2. Social Etiquette and Greetings
Do:
- Greet with ‘Salaam’: The traditional greeting is “As-salamu alaykum” (peace be upon you), to which the response is “Wa alaykum as-salam” (and upon you be peace). Using this greeting is a sign of respect.
- Shake Hands with Men: When meeting Saudi men, a handshake is appropriate. However, be mindful that it might be lighter than what you may be accustomed to in Western countries.
- Use the Right Hand: The right hand is preferred for most activities, including eating, drinking, and handing over or receiving items, as the left hand is considered unclean.
Don’t:
- Initiate Physical Contact with the Opposite Gender: Avoid handshakes or any physical greetings with the opposite gender unless they initiate it.
- Skip Small Talk: Engaging in small talk, like asking about health and family, is valued in Saudi culture. Saudis often like to take time with greetings and initial pleasantries.
3. Dining Etiquette
Do:
- Accept Invitations: Saudis are known for their hospitality. If you are invited to a Saudi home, it’s polite to accept. Bring a small gift, like sweets, as a gesture of gratitude.
- Eat with the Right Hand: When eating, always use the right hand, as the left hand is considered impolite.
- Respect Meal Times: Meals can be leisurely, and it’s customary to stay for a while and engage in conversation after finishing a meal.
Don’t:
- Show the Soles of Your Feet: Avoid stretching your legs out and showing the soles of your feet while seated, as it is seen as disrespectful.
- Decline Offers Excessively: If your host offers you food or drink, it’s customary to accept. While it’s polite to decline initially, a firm refusal may come across as impolite.
4. Religion and Public Conduct
Do:
- Respect Prayer Times: In Saudi Arabia, prayer happens five times daily, and it’s one of the most observed customs. During prayer times, shops and businesses close briefly. As an expat, be mindful of these times, particularly in public spaces.
- Be Aware of Local Holidays: Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha are significant religious events, and life in Saudi Arabia slows down considerably during these times. Expats are expected to observe the general atmosphere of reverence.
Don’t:
- Eat or Drink Publicly During Ramadan: During the holy month of Ramadan, eating or drinking in public during daylight hours is prohibited.
- Engage in Public Displays of Affection: Public displays of affection are strictly discouraged. Any form of intimacy or even hand-holding in public can be considered disrespectful.
5. Photography Etiquette
Do:
- Seek Permission: Always ask for permission before photographing people, especially women, or private properties. Photography around government buildings, military installations, and religious sites is generally prohibited.
- Capture Landscapes or Landmarks Respectfully: Saudi Arabia has stunning landscapes and historic landmarks, so feel free to take photos, but stay respectful of your surroundings.
Don’t:
- Photograph Locals without Consent: Taking photos of people without their permission is not only disrespectful but can lead to serious consequences.
- Ignore Signs or Restrictions: Many places have signs indicating where photography is not allowed. Respect these restrictions to avoid any legal issues.
6. Work and Business Etiquette
Do:
- Be Punctual: While Saudi society is generally relaxed, punctuality in business settings is appreciated. However, be prepared for flexible timing during the initial stages of building a relationship.
- Respect Hierarchical Structures: Saudi Arabia values a clear hierarchy in business. Seniority is respected, and decision-making can be slow as approvals may go through several levels.
Don’t:
- Rush into Discussions: Saudis may take time to build rapport before discussing business matters. Allow time for small talk and personal connection before diving into business.
- Overlook the Importance of Trust: Building trust is crucial in Saudi business culture, so focus on establishing genuine relationships.
7. Gender Roles and Public Spaces
Do:
- Respect Gender Segregation: Saudi Arabia has traditionally practiced gender segregation in public spaces. Many restaurants and cafes have family and single sections, with family sections designated for women or mixed groups.
- Be Aware of Women’s Regulations: While regulations around women’s attire and activities are evolving, respect local norms and remain aware of current rules and societal expectations.
Don’t:
- Assume Gender Equality: The gender roles in Saudi Arabia are more traditional than in many Western countries. Be respectful of these customs and avoid pressing for changes.
- Ignore Separate Entrances: Some places may have separate entrances for men and women. Use the appropriate entrance as indicated.
8. Language and Communication
Do:
- Learn Basic Arabic Phrases: Making an effort to speak a few Arabic phrases, even if it’s just greetings or pleasantries, goes a long way and shows respect for the culture.
- Use a Formal Tone: Saudis generally use a polite and formal tone, especially with strangers or in business settings.
Don’t:
- Use Strong Gestures or Speak Loudly: Saudis are generally soft-spoken, and using loud or exaggerated gestures can come off as aggressive or rude.
- Make Direct Criticisms: If you must give feedback, do so gently and constructively, as direct criticism can be considered disrespectful.
Conclusion
Living in Saudi Arabia offers a unique opportunity to experience the country’s rich cultural heritage. By respecting the local customs and traditions, expats can create positive and memorable experiences while fostering mutual respect and understanding. Embracing Saudi etiquette is not only about following rules but about showing genuine appreciation for the culture and building lasting relationships.
